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Merriam-Webster defines misinformation as, " incorrect or misleading information" and disinformation as, "false information deliberately and often covertly spread (as by the planting of rumors) in order to influence public opinion or obscure the truth."
From the University of Iowa Libraries, a helpful seven part video series on Research and Disinformation.
These sources can help you verify the truth or fallacy of specific claims.
FactCheck.org is a project of the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania, a nonpartisan, nonprofit “consumer advocate” for voters that aims to reduce the level of deception and confusion in U.S. politics.
A fact-checking website from the Tampa Bay Times and the Poynter Institute that rates the accuracy of claims by elected officials and others who speak up in American politics.
A similar project of the Tampa Bay Times and the Poynter Institute, that checks the accuracy of claims by pundits, columnists, bloggers, political analysts, the hosts and guests of talk shows, and other members of the media.
Focuses on urban legends, news stories, and memes, citing sources at the end of each debunking; widely regarded by folklorists, journalists, and laypersons alike as one of the World Wide Web's essential resources.
Non-partisan website with information about eRumors, fake news, disinformation, warnings, offers, requests for help, myths, hoaxes, virus warnings, and humorous or inspirational stories.